layout: post title: "Rails3 Route常用用法" tags: [Rails] categories: [RubyOnRails]
我们都知道在Rails中的config/route.rb文件定义了路由的设定，这次充分学习了Rails3中Route的常用用法，整理并分享在这里。
默认路由：
{% highlight ruby %}
match '/:controller(/:action(/:id))'
{% endhighlight %}
自定义路由：
{% highlight ruby %}
match 'products/:id', :to => 'catalog#view'
{% endhighlight %}
命名路由:
{% highlight ruby %}
match 'logout', :to => 'sessions#destroy', :as => 'logout'
{% endhighlight %}
根路由:
{% highlight ruby %}
root :to => 'welcome#show'
{% endhighlight %}
路由简写技巧：
:to 键的省略
{% highlight ruby %}
match 'account' => 'account#index'
相当于:
match 'account', :to => 'account#index'
match 'info' => 'projects#info', :as => 'info'
{% endhighlight %}
注意： :as 在rails3中是改变 helper， 在rails2中是改变 path
当路径和控制器(及action)一至时，可省略指派控制器部分
{% highlight ruby %}
match 'account/overview'
相当于：
match 'account/overview', :to => 'account#overview'
{% endhighlight %}
Verb路由
当需要限制http请求方法的时候通过键 :via ，也可以直接把方法写在最前面：
{% highlight ruby %}
get 'account/overview'
相当于：
match 'account/overview', :via => 'get'
match 'account/setup', :via => [:get, :post]
支持get\post\put\delete四种HTTP方法
{% endhighlight %}
scope路由
:path 改变Path，:module 改变Controller, :name_prefix || :as 改变 helper
{% highlight ruby %}
scope 'admin' do resources :posts end
行当于:
scope :path => 'admin' do resources :posts end
{% endhighlight %}
生成路由：
{% highlight ruby %}
posts GET /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}
posts POST /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}
new_post GET /admin/posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_post GET /admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
post GET /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}
post PUT /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}
post DELETE /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}
scope :module => 'admin' do resources :posts end
相当于:
resources :posts, :module => 'admin'
{% endhighlight %}
生成路由：
{% highlight ruby %}
posts GET /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}
posts POST /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}
new_post GET /posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_post GET /posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}
post GET /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}
post PUT /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}
post DELETE /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}
scope :name_prefix => 'admin' do resources :posts end
相当于：
resources :posts, :name_prefix => 'admin'
{% endhighlight %}
生成路由：
{% highlight ruby %}
admin_posts GET /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}
admin_posts POST /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}
new_admin_post GET /posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_admin_post GET /posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
admin_post GET /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}
admin_post PUT /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}
admin_post DELETE /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}
scope 'admin', :module => 'admin', :name_prefix => 'admin' do resources :posts end
相当于：
namespace 'admin' do resources :posts end
{% endhighlight %}
生成路由：
{% highlight ruby %}
admin_posts GET /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}
admin_posts POST /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}
new_admin_post GET /admin/posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_admin_post GET /admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}
admin_post GET /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}
admin_post PUT /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}
admin_post DELETE /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}
{% endhighlight %}
在路由中定义跳转：
{% highlight ruby %} match "/posts/github" => redirect("http://github.com/rails.atom")
地址 /foo/1 会自动跳转到 /bar/1s
match "/foo/:id", :to => redirect("/bar/%{id}s")
/account/proc/inosin 会自动跳转到 /inosins
match 'account/proc/:name', :to => redirect {|params| "/#{params[:name].pluralize}" }
match "/stories" => redirect {|p, req| "/posts/#{req.subdomain}" } {% endhighlight %}
路由中的限制：
{% highlight ruby %}
限制 id 只能为数字
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :id => /\d+/
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :constraints => {:id => /\d+/}
限制子域名
match "photos", :constraints => {:subdomain => "admin"}
限制访问者 IP
constraints(:ip => /127.0.0.1/) do
match '/questions', :to => redirect("http://www.stackoverflow.com/")
end
当访问者 ip 是 192.168.1.* 的来访者访问 子域名为 "test"
match "/ttt" => proc{|env| [200, {}, ["hello test"]]}, \
:constraints => {:subdomain => "test", :ip => /192.168.1.\d+/}
{% endhighlight %}
路由通配符：
{% highlight ruby %}
resources :photos, :id => /\d+/
match 'photos/*other' => 'photos#unknown'
上面这两行路由则会把不符合7种path的其他url全部解析到PhotoController#unknown中去处理，params[:other]可得到path中/photos/之后的部分，注意这两行的顺序不能颠倒
match 'books/*section/:title' => 'books#show'
例如：books/some/section/last-words-a-memoir 中 params[:section] = "some/section", params[:title] = "last-words-a-memoir".
match 'a/foo/b' => 'test#index'
例如：zoo/woo/foo/bar/baz 中 params[:a] = "zoo/woo", params[:b] = "bar/baz"
{% endhighlight %}